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2016年6月6级第三套真题阅读部分真题及参考答案
Section A 选词填空
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,Answer Street 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development. "The adolescent becomes an adult when he26__________ a real job." To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an27__________ .
Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal. The28__________ of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become29__________ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said: "True adaptation to society comes30__________ when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work."
Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams. Perhaps, taken31__________ out of context, Piaget's statement seems harsh. What he was32__________ , however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.
As careers and vocations become less available during times of33__________ , adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents34__________ about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically __35__ but also help to stimulate the adolescent's sense of worth.
A. automatically
B. beneficial
C. capturing
D. confused
E. emphasizing
F. entrance
G. excited
H. existence
I. incidentally
J. intolerant
K. occupation
L. promises
M. recession
N. slightly
O. undertakes
Section B 段落匹配
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A] our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world's people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends." That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie (环保主义者), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.
[B] A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world's most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium (千年的)Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.
[C] "The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world," read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D] Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year's Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.
[E] Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.
[F] If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word "environment" has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.
[G] The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably— working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.
[H] And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.
[I] But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling (大量消耗) transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod (鳕鱼) provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence; and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.
[J] There is a view that modem humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet's environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this "ecological overshoot of the human economy", and found that we are using 1.2 Earth's-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free-will grind to a halt.
[K] Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not
united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.
[L] This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous. "In the developing countries," it says, "most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development." So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily; "In the industrialized countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development," it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. It's simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M] Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food They also, however, use far more natural resources—fuel, water (all those baths and golf courses) and building materials.
[N] A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country's wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have released up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.
[O] Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.
36. Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.
37. Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.
38. It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.
39. The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.
40. Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.
41. It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
42. Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.
43. A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.
44. Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations's economic development.
45. One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A] our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world's people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends." That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie (环保主义者), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.
[B] A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world's most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium (千年的)Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.
[C] "The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world," read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D] Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year's Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.
[E] Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.
[F] If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word "environment" has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.
[G] The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably— working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.
[H] And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.
[I] But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling (大量消耗) transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod (鳕鱼) provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence; and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.
[J] There is a view that modem humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet's environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this "ecological overshoot of the human economy", and found that we are using 1.2 Earth's-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free-will grind to a halt.
[K] Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not
united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.
[L] This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous. "In the developing countries," it says, "most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development." So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily; "In the industrialized countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development," it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. It's simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M] Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food They also, however, use far more natural resources—fuel, water (all those baths and golf courses) and building materials.
[N] A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country's wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have released up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.
[O] Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.
36. Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.
37. Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.
38. It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.
39. The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.
40. Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.
41. It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
42. Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.
43. A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.
44. Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations's economic development.
45. One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.
Section C 仔细阅读
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of "Friends", a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston's with a few taps on their remote control. "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years," says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.
Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising, "many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV," says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant (除臭剂), which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain's biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a "lean back" medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far (around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.
46. What does Colin Dixon mean by saying "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years(Lines 4-5, Para. 1)?
A. Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B. Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.
C. Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.
D. Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.
47. What is the public's response to Cablevision's planned interactive TV advertising program?
A. Pretty positive.
B. Totally indifferent.
C. Somewhat doubtful.
D. Rather critical.
48. What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?
A. It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.
B. It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.
C. It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.
D. It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
49. What do we learn about Unilever's interactive campaign?
A. It proves the advantage of TV advertising.
B. It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C. It helps attract investments in the company.
D. It has boosted the TV advertising industry.
50. How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?
A. They may be due to the novel way of advertising.
B. They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.
C. They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.
D. They indicate the future direction of media reform.
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of "Friends", a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston's with a few taps on their remote control. "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years," says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.
Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising, "many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV," says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant (除臭剂), which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain's biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a "lean back" medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far (around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.
46. What does Colin Dixon mean by saying "It's been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years(Lines 4-5, Para. 1)?
A. Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B. Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.
C. Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.
D. Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.
47. What is the public's response to Cablevision's planned interactive TV advertising program?
A. Pretty positive.
B. Totally indifferent.
C. Somewhat doubtful.
D. Rather critical.
48. What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?
A. It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.
B. It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.
C. It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.
D. It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
49. What do we learn about Unilever's interactive campaign?
A. It proves the advantage of TV advertising.
B. It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C. It helps attract investments in the company.
D. It has boosted the TV advertising industry.
50. How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?
A. They may be due to the novel way of advertising.
B. They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.
C. They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.
D. They indicate the future direction of media reform.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there're no quick or easy answers. There's work to be done, but workers aren't ready to do it—they're in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills. Our problems are structural, and will take many years to solve.
But don't bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn't any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that there're no easy answers sounds wise, but it's actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states, with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we're mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
I've been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is "unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer." A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy's needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those "unadaptable and untrained" workers.
But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.
So what you need to know is that there's no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren't suffering from a shortage of needed skills; we're suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn't a real problem, it's an excuse—a reason not to act on America's problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
51. What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?
A. Corporate mismanagement.
B. Insufficient demand.
C. Technological advances.
D. Workers' slow adaptation.
52. What does the author think of the experts' claim concerning unemployment?
A. Self-evident.
B. Thought-provoking.
C. Irrational.
D. Groundless.
53. What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?
A. The booming defense industry.
B. The wise heads' benefit package.
C. Nationwide training of workers.
D. Thorough restructuring of industries.
54. What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?
A. Powerful opposition to government's stimulus efforts.
B. Very Serious People's attempt to cripple the economy.
C. Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.
D. Economists, failure to detect the problems in time.
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To testify to the experts' analysis of America's problems.
B. To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment
C. To show the urgent need for the government to take action.
D. To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there're no quick or easy answers. There's work to be done, but workers aren't ready to do it—they're in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills. Our problems are structural, and will take many years to solve.
But don't bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn't any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that there're no easy answers sounds wise, but it's actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states, with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we're mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
I've been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is "unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer." A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy's needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those "unadaptable and untrained" workers.
But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.
So what you need to know is that there's no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren't suffering from a shortage of needed skills; we're suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn't a real problem, it's an excuse—a reason not to act on America's problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
51. What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?
A. Corporate mismanagement.
B. Insufficient demand.
C. Technological advances.
D. Workers' slow adaptation.
52. What does the author think of the experts' claim concerning unemployment?
A. Self-evident.
B. Thought-provoking.
C. Irrational.
D. Groundless.
53. What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?
A. The booming defense industry.
B. The wise heads' benefit package.
C. Nationwide training of workers.
D. Thorough restructuring of industries.
54. What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?
A. Powerful opposition to government's stimulus efforts.
B. Very Serious People's attempt to cripple the economy.
C. Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.
D. Economists, failure to detect the problems in time.
55. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To testify to the experts' analysis of America's problems.
B. To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment
C. To show the urgent need for the government to take action.
D. To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.
参考答案
26 [O]空格所在句子为 when 引导的时间状语从句,从句中缺少谓语动词,且根据主句中谓语动词 becomes 可进一步确定此处应填入动词的第三人称单数。宾语是 a real job, undertakes“承担;从事”符合语境,句子表示从事一份真正的工作时,他(她)才真正步人成年人的行列。而 promises“承诺”不符合语义逻辑。
27[K]空格前面的不定冠词 an 决定了此处应填入一个首发音是元音的名词。上句提到,青少年真正步入成年人行列是当他从事一份真正的工作时,也就是说成年意味着一份职业的开始,故填入 occupation“职业”合适。
28[H]空格前面的 the 和后面的 of 决定了此处应填入名词,和后面的 of such ideals 搭配。existence“存在”符合语义逻辑,表示这些理想的存在。
29[J]空格前面是动词 become,可判断此处应填入形容词或名词。前面提到青少年会产生一些过于理想化的想法,那么对于这个不那么理想的世界应该是“接受不了”或“难以忍受的”,故填入 intolerant“无法忍受的”。
30 [A]空格位于动词 comes 之后,when 引导的状语从句之前,所在句子不缺少主要成分,可判断此处需要填入副词。从逻辑上推断,当青少年改革者试图将他的想法付诸工作实践时,对社会的真正适应就是自然而然的了,故 automatically“自动地;自然而然地”符合语境。
31[N]空格所在部分为一个固定短语 take... out of context,意为“断章取义,脱离上下文”,其中 take 的宾语应是句子的主语 Piaget's statement,所以该过去分词短语在句子中作状语,且不缺少主要成分,由此可判断此处需要填入一个副词。本句要说明在什么情况下,皮亚杰的论断或许太过苛刻,填入 slightly“轻微地”合适,意为“稍加孤立地看”。
32[E]空格所在部分为 what 引导的主语从句,从句缺少谓语动词,由前面的助动词 was 可判断此处应填入动词的现在分词形式,本句的表语是 the way“那种方式”。emphasizing“强调”符合语境,表示他意在强调的是那种方式。
33[M]空格前面的 of 决定了此处应填入名词或动名词形式。就业岗位越来越少,所以应该是处于萧条时期,且根据下文 difficult economic times 也可判断出 recession“衰退”符合语义逻辑。
34 [D]空格所在部分为“leave sb.+宾语补足语”结构,空格填入的单词作 leave 的宾补,且能与后面的 about 搭配,可判断此处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。处于这样的经济困难时期,很多青少年或许对他们在社会中扮演的角色应该是“迷茫”或“困惑”的,词库中符合这一语义的是 confused“困惑的;混乱的”。
35[B]空格所在句子缺少谓语,由前面的助动词 are 可判断此处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。根据主语 community interventions and government job programs 和空格前的 economically, 可知填入 beneficial“有益的”,表示社区干预和政府提供的就业计划不仅使青少年在经济上受益。
36 [I]【译文】有很多例子证明,穷国和富国都利用环境来发展经济。
【定位解析】根据题目的关键词 Examples, rich and poor 和 the environment 查找到 I 段首句。这句话指出在世界很多地方,无论穷富,都有很多通过破坏环境而实现财富增长的例子。题目中的 economic progress 对应原文的 growing wealth,exploit 对应原文的 trashing。
【译文】保护和改善环境使全世界人们受益。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 Environmental protection and improvement 可查找到 C 段。该段承接 B 段内容,首句引用了 1972 年联合国人类环境大会宣言,“保护和改善人类环境是一个重要议题,因为这关系到人们的幸福以及全球的经济发展”。题目中的 Environmental protection and improvement 与文中 The protection and improvement of the human environment 同义。
38[L]【译文】经济增长将使世界更洁净,这未必是事实。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 economic growth 和 our world cleaner 可查找到 L 段最后一句。本段就财富是否必然带来更洁净的世界展开论证,最后一句是其主旨句:经济增长将必然使我们的世界更洁净,事实绝非如此。题目的 not necessarily 对应原文的 simply not true。
39 [D]【译文】联合国报告的共同主题是环境保护与经济增长的关系。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 common theme,relation 和 environmental protection and economic growth 可查找到 D 段。该段指出,在联合国机构和各发展组织准备的众多报告中,环境保护与经济发展之间的联系是一条共同的主线。题目中 common theme 对应原文的 common thread,而 relation 与 linkage 近义, economic growth 则对应原文的 economic progress。
40[K]【译文】如何在确保经济增长的同时解决环境问题,各发展机构意见不一。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 Development agencies,tackle 和 environment issues 可查找到 K 段。该段指出,各发展机构在环境问题上意见不一,有的主张改善环境与经济发展同步进行,而有的则认为应先发展经济后解决环境问题。题目中 development agencies、tackle 都是文中的原词复现,而 disagree 对应原文的 are not united; environment issues 对应 environmental issues。
41[E]【译文】很难找到确凿的证据来证明,对环境友好比开发利用自然环境更有益于人类。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 evidence, environmental friendliness, profits 和 exploiting 等可查找到 E 段前两句。该段首先引用了《千年生态系统评估报告》的论断:保持生态的可持续性比开发利用它们更有益于人类;继而指出,找到支持这一观点的确凿证据并不容易。题目中 solid evidence 是原文 hard evidence 的同义转述,environmental friendliness 对应原文的 Managing ecosystems sustainably,profits 是原文 profitable 的词性转换,而 exploiting 是原词复现。
42 [G]【译文】从长远来看,生态系统的可持续管理被证明是有益的。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 Sustainable management of ecosystems, rewarding in the long run 可查找到 G 段。该段引用《千年生态系统评估报告》这项研究的首期结论:维持生态的可持续性可能在短期内对人类的好处减少,但必定会带来长期效益的。题目中 Sustainable management of ecosystems 和 rewarding in the long run 分别对应原文中的 managing ecosystems sustainably 和 long-term rewards。
43 [A]【译文】一位以谨慎著称的政治家宣称,人类的可持续发展有赖于自然环境。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 politician,cautious 和 natural environment 可查找到 A 段。该段首先引用了戈登·布朗的一段原话,“如果我们想让经济继续保持繁荣……,我们就必须关注自然环境、资源,因为这是我们的经济活动赖以进行的基础。”然后指出戈登·布朗是一位以严厉、认真、谨慎而著称的政治家。题目中 noted for 是原文 with a reputation for 的同义转述,而 sustainable human development 是对 our economies are to flourish... in succeeding generations 的概括。
44 [n]【译文】贫穷国家将不得不承担富裕国家经济增长所带来的代价。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 Poor countries,bear the cost,rich nations' economic development 可查找到 N 段。该段主要以气候变化为例来论述富裕国家将发展带来的环境问题转嫁到贫穷国家身上,其中最后一句总结说,随着国家越来越富有,他们产生的温室气体也会越来越多;这些气体的影响将会主要波及到世界贫穷地区。题目是对该段最后一句的概括论述。
45 [J]【译文】最近一项研究警告我们地球上的自然资源面临枯竭的危险。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 recent study、warn、exhaustion of natural resources 等可查找到 J 段。该段最后一句引用了一项最新的研究,试图通过数据警告人们,我们将在未来的某个时间点被追债,届时所有这些服务(地球免费提供给我们的一切)都将终止,意即地球资源总有一天会枯竭的。题目 exhaustion of natural resources 是对原文 all those services... will grind to a halt 的概括。
46[D]【定位】题干已经将本题定位至第 1 段第 4 至第 5 行。
【解析】本题询问科林·狄克逊所说的这句话的意思。第 1 段开头就指出互动电视广告已推出多年。大概 10 多年前就有人预测它的前景广阔。但在段末处科林·狄克逊表示过去的 10 年、12 年每年都在说今年是互动电视广告之年。换言之,互动电视广告发展停滞不前。因此 D 项“互动电视广告没有取得预期效果”正确。
【干扰项排除】A 项“互动电视广告将在十至十二年内流行起来”与文章表达内容不符,原文只是提及过去十至十二年及如今互动电视广告的情况。原文并没有提到过去互动电视广告是否受到争议,B 项“互动电视广告在过去的十年左右一直备受争议”没有依据。文中只是对《老友记》中可能出现的互动广告作一个假想,但十多年过后的今天仍未能够取得大的进展,因此 C 项“当与情境喜剧相结合,互动电视广告取得成功”与原文不符。
47 [C]【定位】根据题干中的 Cablevision, the public's response 定位至第 2 段第 1 句。
【解析】本题询问民众对于美国有线电视公司筹划的互动电视广告项目作何反应。根据第 2 段第 1 句,当有线电视网(Cablevision)和美国有线电视公司宣布将在 10 月 6 日向所有的观众推出互动广告,随之引起人们的质疑。C 项中的 doubtful 是原文 skepticism 的同义替换,故 C 项“有些疑虑”正确。
【干扰项排除】A 项“相当肯定”、B 项“完全冷漠”和 D 项“严厉批评”与原文的 skepticism 意思不符,故均予以排除。
48 [C]【定位】根据题干中的 the wide use of digital video recorders 定位至第 3 段第 3 句。
【解析】本题询问数字视频录像机的广泛使用对电视广告有什么影响。根据第 3 段第 3、4 句,数字视频录像机的普及使得广告商们担心他们的广告会被跳过不看,C 项“它使电视广告处于极大的劣势”是正确答案。
【干扰项排除】A 项“它使电视广告易于接近观众”和 D 项“它使观众很容易就能找到特价商品”文中并未提及。第 3 段第 4 句提到互联网广告的优点之一就是可以测量点击率,所以 B 项“它帮助广告商测量点击率”属于张冠李戴。
49 [B]【定位】根据题干中的 Unilever's interactive campaign 定位至第 4 段第 2 句。
【解析】本题询问我们从联合利华的互动活动中可以得知什么。第 4 段第 1 句提到,从理论上来说,互动广告有着能吸引观众注意力这一优点,接着在第 2 句举了联合利华为例子来证明互动广告是如何成功吸引观众的。因此 B 项“它成功吸引了观众的注意力”是正确答案。
【干扰项排除】联合利华推出的是互动电视广告,所以 A 项“它证明了电视广告的优点”中的 TV advertising 不准确; C 项“它帮助公司招商引资”中的 investments in the company 在文中没有提及;第 3 段首句虽然有提及电视广告业可能会繁荣,但文中举联合利华的例子仅证明互动电视广告成功吸引观众注意力这个优点,至于是否使整个电视广告业繁荣无从得知,因此 D 项“它繁荣了电视广告业”属过度推断。
50 [A]【定位】根据题干中的 high click-through rates 定位至最后一段第 2 句。
【解析】本题询问作者如何看待到目前为止的高点击率。作者在文章最后一段指出了自己对互动电视广告前景的担忧,并提出:可能是因为观众出于新奇的缘故导致高点击率。A 项中 the novel way 是原文中 the novelty 的同义转述,因此 A 项“可能是因为广告的新奇方式”正确。
【干扰项排除】作者对目前为止互动电视广告的高点击率持有怀疑态度,B 项“预示着互动广告将流行起来”与作者表达的意思不相符。虽然作者提出了互动电视广告高点击率可能是因为观众出于新奇的缘故,但是能不能一直持续高点击率作者仍是持怀疑态度,因此 C 项“表明电视观众不断增长的好奇心”不符合原文意思。D 项“暗示媒体改革的未来方向”在文中并未提及。
51 [B]【定位】根据题干中的 cause 和 mass unemployment in America 定位至第 2 段第 3 句。
【解析】本题询问作者认为美国大规模失业的根本原因是什么。第 2 段首先否定了第 1 段末所述的“结构性失业”的说法,然后第 3 句指出,所有的事实表明,美国的高失业率其实是需求不足造成的,进而分析了“结构性失业”说法的愚蠢性。B 项中 insufficient 是原文 inadequate 的同义替换,所以选 B 项“需求不足”。
【干扰项排除】文章着眼于国家政策这个大格局来分析美国大规模失业的问题。A 项“公司管理不善”和 C 项“技术进步”并没有提及;D 项“工人适应缓慢”是专家们的说辞,并不是作者的观点。
52 [D]【定位】根据题干中的 experts' claim, the author 可查找到第 2、3 段。
【解析】本题询问作者如何看待专家们关于失业的论断。在第 2 段第 1、2 句作者规劝读者不要费力去寻求证据来证明这种黯淡的观点的合理性,因为根本没有证据。继而,在第 3 段给出一些例证,并得出结论,该证据有力地反驳了“我们主要遭受结构性失业”的措辞。由此,可选定 D 项“没有根据的”。
【干扰项排除】作者对专家们的“结构性失业”论断持否定态度,A 项“不言而喻的”和 B 项“发人深省的”与作者观点相悖;作者试图用证据表明专家们的论断没有根据,但没有提及理性问题,因此可排除 C 项“不理性的”。
[A]【定位】根据题干中的 the Great Depression 定位至第 5 段。
【解析】本题询问作者认为是什么帮助解决了经济大萧条时期大规模失业问题。根据第 5 段最后一句,一个庞大的国防计划最终促成了一个财政刺激方案,其足以满足经济需求,很快各行业就急切雇佣了那些“适应能力差、没有经过培训”的工人们。简言之,庞大的国防计划刺激了经济,带动了就业。所以 A 项“蓬勃的国防工业”是正确答案。
【干扰项排除】B 项“那些聪明人的福利待遇”和 C 项“全国范围内的工人培训”只是利用文中个别词汇 wise heads, untrained workers 等拼凑而成;D 项“行业的彻底重组”在文中找不到任何依据。
54 [A]【定位】根据题干中的 claim, huge structural problems 和 multiply 定位至倒数第 2 段第 2 句。
【解析】本题询问是什么导致了“巨大的结构性问题”论断的盛行。倒数第 2 段第 1 句指出:权势者在思想上反对政府采取足够规模的行动来刺激经济,这就从根本上解释了为什么“我们面临严重的结构性问题”的说法如此盛行。A 项中 stimulus 对应原文的 jump-start,故选 A 项“政府刺激经杯的努力遭到强有力的反对”。
【干扰项排除】文中提到大规模失业严重削弱了我们的经济和社会,B 项“‘非常严谨的人们’企图削弱经济”利用文中个别词汇 Very Serious People 张冠李戴。C 项“各行业众多部门收集到的证据”利用 evidence 一词拼凑而成。D 项“经济学家们没能及时察觉出问题”在文中并未提及。
55 [C]【定位】根据题干中的 author's purpose 可查找至最后一段。
【解析】本题询问作者写这篇文章用意何在。文章最后一段作者呼吁读者不要相信那些所谓“专家们”的说辞,它们根本没有依据可言。进而其谴责政府的不作为,“我们缺少的并不是必要的技能,而是政府的政策决心。”作者的根本目的是吁请政府采取实际行动来解决目前的问题。C 项中 urgent need 对应原文的 desperately needed,因此 C 项“表达需要政府采取行动的迫切性”正确。
【干扰项排除】A 项“证明专家们对美国问题的分析”错误,因为作者不认同专家们的看法。文中作者并没有对结构性失业提出一个明确的解决方案,只是呼吁政府应该采取行动解决这个问题,所以 B 项“对结构性失业提供一个可行性解决方案”在文中找不到依据。D 项“警告美国工人适应岗位的紧迫性”利用文中个别词汇 workers、desperately needed、unadaptable 来设置干扰。
26 [O]空格所在句子为 when 引导的时间状语从句,从句中缺少谓语动词,且根据主句中谓语动词 becomes 可进一步确定此处应填入动词的第三人称单数。宾语是 a real job, undertakes“承担;从事”符合语境,句子表示从事一份真正的工作时,他(她)才真正步人成年人的行列。而 promises“承诺”不符合语义逻辑。
27[K]空格前面的不定冠词 an 决定了此处应填入一个首发音是元音的名词。上句提到,青少年真正步入成年人行列是当他从事一份真正的工作时,也就是说成年意味着一份职业的开始,故填入 occupation“职业”合适。
28[H]空格前面的 the 和后面的 of 决定了此处应填入名词,和后面的 of such ideals 搭配。existence“存在”符合语义逻辑,表示这些理想的存在。
29[J]空格前面是动词 become,可判断此处应填入形容词或名词。前面提到青少年会产生一些过于理想化的想法,那么对于这个不那么理想的世界应该是“接受不了”或“难以忍受的”,故填入 intolerant“无法忍受的”。
30 [A]空格位于动词 comes 之后,when 引导的状语从句之前,所在句子不缺少主要成分,可判断此处需要填入副词。从逻辑上推断,当青少年改革者试图将他的想法付诸工作实践时,对社会的真正适应就是自然而然的了,故 automatically“自动地;自然而然地”符合语境。
31[N]空格所在部分为一个固定短语 take... out of context,意为“断章取义,脱离上下文”,其中 take 的宾语应是句子的主语 Piaget's statement,所以该过去分词短语在句子中作状语,且不缺少主要成分,由此可判断此处需要填入一个副词。本句要说明在什么情况下,皮亚杰的论断或许太过苛刻,填入 slightly“轻微地”合适,意为“稍加孤立地看”。
32[E]空格所在部分为 what 引导的主语从句,从句缺少谓语动词,由前面的助动词 was 可判断此处应填入动词的现在分词形式,本句的表语是 the way“那种方式”。emphasizing“强调”符合语境,表示他意在强调的是那种方式。
33[M]空格前面的 of 决定了此处应填入名词或动名词形式。就业岗位越来越少,所以应该是处于萧条时期,且根据下文 difficult economic times 也可判断出 recession“衰退”符合语义逻辑。
34 [D]空格所在部分为“leave sb.+宾语补足语”结构,空格填入的单词作 leave 的宾补,且能与后面的 about 搭配,可判断此处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。处于这样的经济困难时期,很多青少年或许对他们在社会中扮演的角色应该是“迷茫”或“困惑”的,词库中符合这一语义的是 confused“困惑的;混乱的”。
35[B]空格所在句子缺少谓语,由前面的助动词 are 可判断此处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。根据主语 community interventions and government job programs 和空格前的 economically, 可知填入 beneficial“有益的”,表示社区干预和政府提供的就业计划不仅使青少年在经济上受益。
36 [I]【译文】有很多例子证明,穷国和富国都利用环境来发展经济。
【定位解析】根据题目的关键词 Examples, rich and poor 和 the environment 查找到 I 段首句。这句话指出在世界很多地方,无论穷富,都有很多通过破坏环境而实现财富增长的例子。题目中的 economic progress 对应原文的 growing wealth,exploit 对应原文的 trashing。
【译文】保护和改善环境使全世界人们受益。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 Environmental protection and improvement 可查找到 C 段。该段承接 B 段内容,首句引用了 1972 年联合国人类环境大会宣言,“保护和改善人类环境是一个重要议题,因为这关系到人们的幸福以及全球的经济发展”。题目中的 Environmental protection and improvement 与文中 The protection and improvement of the human environment 同义。
38[L]【译文】经济增长将使世界更洁净,这未必是事实。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 economic growth 和 our world cleaner 可查找到 L 段最后一句。本段就财富是否必然带来更洁净的世界展开论证,最后一句是其主旨句:经济增长将必然使我们的世界更洁净,事实绝非如此。题目的 not necessarily 对应原文的 simply not true。
39 [D]【译文】联合国报告的共同主题是环境保护与经济增长的关系。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 common theme,relation 和 environmental protection and economic growth 可查找到 D 段。该段指出,在联合国机构和各发展组织准备的众多报告中,环境保护与经济发展之间的联系是一条共同的主线。题目中 common theme 对应原文的 common thread,而 relation 与 linkage 近义, economic growth 则对应原文的 economic progress。
40[K]【译文】如何在确保经济增长的同时解决环境问题,各发展机构意见不一。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 Development agencies,tackle 和 environment issues 可查找到 K 段。该段指出,各发展机构在环境问题上意见不一,有的主张改善环境与经济发展同步进行,而有的则认为应先发展经济后解决环境问题。题目中 development agencies、tackle 都是文中的原词复现,而 disagree 对应原文的 are not united; environment issues 对应 environmental issues。
41[E]【译文】很难找到确凿的证据来证明,对环境友好比开发利用自然环境更有益于人类。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 evidence, environmental friendliness, profits 和 exploiting 等可查找到 E 段前两句。该段首先引用了《千年生态系统评估报告》的论断:保持生态的可持续性比开发利用它们更有益于人类;继而指出,找到支持这一观点的确凿证据并不容易。题目中 solid evidence 是原文 hard evidence 的同义转述,environmental friendliness 对应原文的 Managing ecosystems sustainably,profits 是原文 profitable 的词性转换,而 exploiting 是原词复现。
42 [G]【译文】从长远来看,生态系统的可持续管理被证明是有益的。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 Sustainable management of ecosystems, rewarding in the long run 可查找到 G 段。该段引用《千年生态系统评估报告》这项研究的首期结论:维持生态的可持续性可能在短期内对人类的好处减少,但必定会带来长期效益的。题目中 Sustainable management of ecosystems 和 rewarding in the long run 分别对应原文中的 managing ecosystems sustainably 和 long-term rewards。
43 [A]【译文】一位以谨慎著称的政治家宣称,人类的可持续发展有赖于自然环境。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 politician,cautious 和 natural environment 可查找到 A 段。该段首先引用了戈登·布朗的一段原话,“如果我们想让经济继续保持繁荣……,我们就必须关注自然环境、资源,因为这是我们的经济活动赖以进行的基础。”然后指出戈登·布朗是一位以严厉、认真、谨慎而著称的政治家。题目中 noted for 是原文 with a reputation for 的同义转述,而 sustainable human development 是对 our economies are to flourish... in succeeding generations 的概括。
44 [n]【译文】贫穷国家将不得不承担富裕国家经济增长所带来的代价。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 Poor countries,bear the cost,rich nations' economic development 可查找到 N 段。该段主要以气候变化为例来论述富裕国家将发展带来的环境问题转嫁到贫穷国家身上,其中最后一句总结说,随着国家越来越富有,他们产生的温室气体也会越来越多;这些气体的影响将会主要波及到世界贫穷地区。题目是对该段最后一句的概括论述。
45 [J]【译文】最近一项研究警告我们地球上的自然资源面临枯竭的危险。
【定位解析】根据题目关键词 recent study、warn、exhaustion of natural resources 等可查找到 J 段。该段最后一句引用了一项最新的研究,试图通过数据警告人们,我们将在未来的某个时间点被追债,届时所有这些服务(地球免费提供给我们的一切)都将终止,意即地球资源总有一天会枯竭的。题目 exhaustion of natural resources 是对原文 all those services... will grind to a halt 的概括。
46[D]【定位】题干已经将本题定位至第 1 段第 4 至第 5 行。
【解析】本题询问科林·狄克逊所说的这句话的意思。第 1 段开头就指出互动电视广告已推出多年。大概 10 多年前就有人预测它的前景广阔。但在段末处科林·狄克逊表示过去的 10 年、12 年每年都在说今年是互动电视广告之年。换言之,互动电视广告发展停滞不前。因此 D 项“互动电视广告没有取得预期效果”正确。
【干扰项排除】A 项“互动电视广告将在十至十二年内流行起来”与文章表达内容不符,原文只是提及过去十至十二年及如今互动电视广告的情况。原文并没有提到过去互动电视广告是否受到争议,B 项“互动电视广告在过去的十年左右一直备受争议”没有依据。文中只是对《老友记》中可能出现的互动广告作一个假想,但十多年过后的今天仍未能够取得大的进展,因此 C 项“当与情境喜剧相结合,互动电视广告取得成功”与原文不符。
47 [C]【定位】根据题干中的 Cablevision, the public's response 定位至第 2 段第 1 句。
【解析】本题询问民众对于美国有线电视公司筹划的互动电视广告项目作何反应。根据第 2 段第 1 句,当有线电视网(Cablevision)和美国有线电视公司宣布将在 10 月 6 日向所有的观众推出互动广告,随之引起人们的质疑。C 项中的 doubtful 是原文 skepticism 的同义替换,故 C 项“有些疑虑”正确。
【干扰项排除】A 项“相当肯定”、B 项“完全冷漠”和 D 项“严厉批评”与原文的 skepticism 意思不符,故均予以排除。
48 [C]【定位】根据题干中的 the wide use of digital video recorders 定位至第 3 段第 3 句。
【解析】本题询问数字视频录像机的广泛使用对电视广告有什么影响。根据第 3 段第 3、4 句,数字视频录像机的普及使得广告商们担心他们的广告会被跳过不看,C 项“它使电视广告处于极大的劣势”是正确答案。
【干扰项排除】A 项“它使电视广告易于接近观众”和 D 项“它使观众很容易就能找到特价商品”文中并未提及。第 3 段第 4 句提到互联网广告的优点之一就是可以测量点击率,所以 B 项“它帮助广告商测量点击率”属于张冠李戴。
49 [B]【定位】根据题干中的 Unilever's interactive campaign 定位至第 4 段第 2 句。
【解析】本题询问我们从联合利华的互动活动中可以得知什么。第 4 段第 1 句提到,从理论上来说,互动广告有着能吸引观众注意力这一优点,接着在第 2 句举了联合利华为例子来证明互动广告是如何成功吸引观众的。因此 B 项“它成功吸引了观众的注意力”是正确答案。
【干扰项排除】联合利华推出的是互动电视广告,所以 A 项“它证明了电视广告的优点”中的 TV advertising 不准确; C 项“它帮助公司招商引资”中的 investments in the company 在文中没有提及;第 3 段首句虽然有提及电视广告业可能会繁荣,但文中举联合利华的例子仅证明互动电视广告成功吸引观众注意力这个优点,至于是否使整个电视广告业繁荣无从得知,因此 D 项“它繁荣了电视广告业”属过度推断。
50 [A]【定位】根据题干中的 high click-through rates 定位至最后一段第 2 句。
【解析】本题询问作者如何看待到目前为止的高点击率。作者在文章最后一段指出了自己对互动电视广告前景的担忧,并提出:可能是因为观众出于新奇的缘故导致高点击率。A 项中 the novel way 是原文中 the novelty 的同义转述,因此 A 项“可能是因为广告的新奇方式”正确。
【干扰项排除】作者对目前为止互动电视广告的高点击率持有怀疑态度,B 项“预示着互动广告将流行起来”与作者表达的意思不相符。虽然作者提出了互动电视广告高点击率可能是因为观众出于新奇的缘故,但是能不能一直持续高点击率作者仍是持怀疑态度,因此 C 项“表明电视观众不断增长的好奇心”不符合原文意思。D 项“暗示媒体改革的未来方向”在文中并未提及。
51 [B]【定位】根据题干中的 cause 和 mass unemployment in America 定位至第 2 段第 3 句。
【解析】本题询问作者认为美国大规模失业的根本原因是什么。第 2 段首先否定了第 1 段末所述的“结构性失业”的说法,然后第 3 句指出,所有的事实表明,美国的高失业率其实是需求不足造成的,进而分析了“结构性失业”说法的愚蠢性。B 项中 insufficient 是原文 inadequate 的同义替换,所以选 B 项“需求不足”。
【干扰项排除】文章着眼于国家政策这个大格局来分析美国大规模失业的问题。A 项“公司管理不善”和 C 项“技术进步”并没有提及;D 项“工人适应缓慢”是专家们的说辞,并不是作者的观点。
52 [D]【定位】根据题干中的 experts' claim, the author 可查找到第 2、3 段。
【解析】本题询问作者如何看待专家们关于失业的论断。在第 2 段第 1、2 句作者规劝读者不要费力去寻求证据来证明这种黯淡的观点的合理性,因为根本没有证据。继而,在第 3 段给出一些例证,并得出结论,该证据有力地反驳了“我们主要遭受结构性失业”的措辞。由此,可选定 D 项“没有根据的”。
【干扰项排除】作者对专家们的“结构性失业”论断持否定态度,A 项“不言而喻的”和 B 项“发人深省的”与作者观点相悖;作者试图用证据表明专家们的论断没有根据,但没有提及理性问题,因此可排除 C 项“不理性的”。
[A]【定位】根据题干中的 the Great Depression 定位至第 5 段。
【解析】本题询问作者认为是什么帮助解决了经济大萧条时期大规模失业问题。根据第 5 段最后一句,一个庞大的国防计划最终促成了一个财政刺激方案,其足以满足经济需求,很快各行业就急切雇佣了那些“适应能力差、没有经过培训”的工人们。简言之,庞大的国防计划刺激了经济,带动了就业。所以 A 项“蓬勃的国防工业”是正确答案。
【干扰项排除】B 项“那些聪明人的福利待遇”和 C 项“全国范围内的工人培训”只是利用文中个别词汇 wise heads, untrained workers 等拼凑而成;D 项“行业的彻底重组”在文中找不到任何依据。
54 [A]【定位】根据题干中的 claim, huge structural problems 和 multiply 定位至倒数第 2 段第 2 句。
【解析】本题询问是什么导致了“巨大的结构性问题”论断的盛行。倒数第 2 段第 1 句指出:权势者在思想上反对政府采取足够规模的行动来刺激经济,这就从根本上解释了为什么“我们面临严重的结构性问题”的说法如此盛行。A 项中 stimulus 对应原文的 jump-start,故选 A 项“政府刺激经杯的努力遭到强有力的反对”。
【干扰项排除】文中提到大规模失业严重削弱了我们的经济和社会,B 项“‘非常严谨的人们’企图削弱经济”利用文中个别词汇 Very Serious People 张冠李戴。C 项“各行业众多部门收集到的证据”利用 evidence 一词拼凑而成。D 项“经济学家们没能及时察觉出问题”在文中并未提及。
55 [C]【定位】根据题干中的 author's purpose 可查找至最后一段。
【解析】本题询问作者写这篇文章用意何在。文章最后一段作者呼吁读者不要相信那些所谓“专家们”的说辞,它们根本没有依据可言。进而其谴责政府的不作为,“我们缺少的并不是必要的技能,而是政府的政策决心。”作者的根本目的是吁请政府采取实际行动来解决目前的问题。C 项中 urgent need 对应原文的 desperately needed,因此 C 项“表达需要政府采取行动的迫切性”正确。
【干扰项排除】A 项“证明专家们对美国问题的分析”错误,因为作者不认同专家们的看法。文中作者并没有对结构性失业提出一个明确的解决方案,只是呼吁政府应该采取行动解决这个问题,所以 B 项“对结构性失业提供一个可行性解决方案”在文中找不到依据。D 项“警告美国工人适应岗位的紧迫性”利用文中个别词汇 workers、desperately needed、unadaptable 来设置干扰。
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