高考英语定语从句考点

时间:2022-12-09 09:13:11 高考英语 我要投稿

高考英语定语从句考点

  【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

高考英语定语从句考点

  考点一 考查关系代词whose引导的定语从句

  1. A person ________ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails. (天津卷)

  A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever

  【解析】C。在所给的四个关系代词中,只有whose能用于名词用作定语,故选C。又如:A bookseller is a person whose job is selling books. 书商就是其职业是卖书的人。

  2. Many children, ________ parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village. (安徽卷)

  A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom

  【解析】B。their是物主代词,不是关系代词,不能引导定语从句,所以不能选;在其余三个选项中,只有whose能用于名词用作定语,故选B。句意为:许多孩子的父母外出到大城市打工去了,他们在家乡被照顾得很好。

  3. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city ________ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (湖南卷)

  A. which B. of which C. that D. whose

  【解析】D。在所给定的四个关系代词中,只有which和whose能用于名词用作定语,故可排除B和C。而关系代词which和whose用于名词前作定语的区别是:which具有that或this的语义特征,而whose则具有one’s的语义特征。

  考点二 考查关系代词which引导的定语从句

  1. They’ve won their last three matches, ________ I find a bit surprising. (辽宁卷)

  A. that B. when C. what D. which

  【解析】D。that不用于引导非限制性定语从句,故被排除;when可引导非限制性定语从句,但只用于指时间,与句意不符,故也被排除;而what不是关系代词,不能用于引导定语从句,故也被排除;which在此引导非限制性定语从句,并在定语从句中充当动词find的宾语。句意为:他们赢了最后三场比赛,我发现这有点令人吃惊。

  2. My friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind of him. (全国Ⅱ)

  A. which B. that C. where D. it

  【解析】A。由于两个句子之间没有并列连词,所以不能选B或D;而where是关系副词,不能用作主语;which在此引导非限制性定语从句,并在从句中用作主语。又如:Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。

  3. Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (山东卷)

  A. who B. which C. when D. that

  【解析】B。that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句,故可排除;when是关系副词,不用作主语,故也可排除;who用于指人,但这里的定语从句不是修饰her,而是修饰whenever I met her,故不能用who,此处应用which。又如:He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 他说他从没见到过她,这是不真实的。

  考点三 查关系副词where引导的定语从句

  1. Mozart’s birthplace and the house ________ he composed “The Magic Flute” are both museums now. (上海卷)

  A. where B. when C. there D. which

  【解析】A。由于定语从句he composed “The Magic Flute”的主语和宾语是完整的,所以不能选D;when指时间,不用于修饰表地点的先行词the house,故也不能选;而there不是关系词,不能引导定语从句。

  2. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently. (福建卷)

  A. that B. when C. which D. where

  【解析】D。由于定语从句they can see themselves differently的主语和宾语是完整的,所以不能选A和C;when指时间,不用于修饰表地点的先行词a situation,故也不能选。

  3. Life is like a long race ________ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (重庆卷)

  A. why B. what C. that D. where

  【解析】D。由于定语从句we compete with others to go beyond ourselves的句子结构是完整的,不缺主语或宾语,所以不能选C;why引导定语从句,其先行词只能是the reason,而不用于其他场合,故不能选;what不是关系词,不能用于引导定语从句,故也可排除;where在此引导定语从句,修饰名词race,相当于in which。句意为:人生就像一场长途赛跑,在赛跑中我们为了超越自我而与别人竞争。

  4. I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (浙江卷)

  A. which B. where C. how D. why

  【解析】B。定语从句修饰的先行词是a point,不是my life。point在此相当于一个抽象的地点,所以要用关系副词where来引导定语从句。又如:We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。She had got to the point where she felt that she could not take any more. 她到了她觉得自己再也不能忍受的地步。

  5. —What do you think of teaching, Bob?

  —I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting. (北京卷)

  A. where B. which C. when D. that

  【解析】A。由于定语从句you are doing something serious but interesting是一个结构完整的句子,不缺主语或宾语,所以不能选关系代词which或that,故可排除B和D;而关系副词when只用于修饰表示时间的名词,故也可排除;where在此相当于in which,引导定语从句,并在定语从句中用作地点状语。又如:I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk for eight hours a day. 我不想要一份一天8小时都得守在办公桌前的工作。

  考点四 查关系副词when引导的定语从句

  1. She’ll never forget her stay there, ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (四川卷)

  A. that B. which C. where D. when

  【解析】D。that不用于引导非限制性定语从句,故被排除;which引导定语从句必须在定语从句中充当主语或宾语,与本题的句子结构不符,故也被排除;where引导定语从句时,其前先行词只能是表示地点的名词,而本题的先行词her stay there(她待在那儿期间)不是表地点,而是表时间,故C也可排除;关系副词when在此引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词her stay。句意为:她永远不会忘记她待在那儿的那段时间,在此其间她找到了她两年前失踪的孩子。

  2. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone ________ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (江苏卷)

  A. if B. when C. which D. since

  【解析】B。when在此用于引导定语从句,修饰名词days。此题的难点是先行词days与关系副词when之间被are gone,容易误解句子结构。句意为:由于金融危机,当地五星级宾馆每晚收费6,000元的日子已经过去了。

  考点五 考查“介词+关系代词”结构

  1. Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time. (陕西卷)

  A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which

  【解析】C。当一个定语从句由“介词+which”引导时,其中介词的确定方法就是要找到与之构成搭配的动词、名词、形容词等。在本题中,根据句意,句子所涉及的搭配是argue about a subject(争论某个话题),所以答案只能选C。又如:I called him by the wrong name for which mistake I apologize. 我叫错了他的名字,为了这个错误我愿道歉。

  2. She brought with her three friends, none of ________ I had ever met before. (全国I)

  A. them B. who C. whom D. these

  【解析】C。由于两个句子之间没有并列连词,所以不能选A或D;又因为是用于介词of之后作宾语,所以要用宾格whom,不用who。句意为:她带来了三个朋友,我以前一个也没有见过。

  考点六 定语从句考查新角度

  The house I grew up ________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (江西卷)

  A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which

  【解析】B。这道题的本质是考查定语从句的用法,但其命题的角度比较特别,它既不考查先行词,也不考查关系代词或关系副词,而是结合介词的搭配考查关系代词的省略。句中定语从句I grew up用于修饰名词the house,由于其前没有“引导词”,所以可认为被省略了。而根据英语语法,可以省略的定语从句“引导词”只可能是用作宾语的关系代词that或which,这样一来,就必须要求空格处填一个能带宾语的词,显然只有介词in。

  英语语法名词性从句知识点:名词性从句的关键点

  【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

  1. 备考主语从句应注意以下三点

  一是从句作主语,主句谓语动词用第三人称单数;

  二是主语从句通常用it作形式主语,尤其是在It is +名词 / 形容词 / 过去分词+that…中,或在It seems / happens that…中,或疑问句中;

  三要注意由what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句一般不用形式主语。

  2. 备考宾语从句应注意以下四点

  一是介词后(except等除外)一般不跟that引导的宾语从句,但可接疑问词引导的宾语从句;

  二是在that引导的宾语从句后若还有补语时,要用it作形式宾语,而将that从句置于补语之后;

  三是当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等时,若宾语从句要表示否定意义,往往要通过否主句来实现,即所谓否定转移;

  四是虽然引导宾语从句的that有时可以省略,但若宾语从句前有插入语或有间接宾语时,that不能省略;that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后或者在“形式宾语it+宾补”之后时也不能省略;that从句单独回答问题时,that也不能省略。

  3. 备考表语从句应注意以下三点

  一是除that, whether和疑问词外,as, as if, as though, because也可引导表语从句;

  二要注意“that’s why+结果”以及“that’s because+原因”的区别;

  三是注意the reason (why / for…) is that…句式。

  状语从句知识点总结:英语地点状语从句的用法及考点说明

  【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

  一、引导方式状语从句的从属连词

  主要的有as, as if, as though等:

  You must do as your parents tell you. 你必须按你父母说的去做。

  I have changed it as you suggest. 我已照你的建议作了改动。

  I am as you can imagine short of money. 正如你能想像的我很缺钱。

  Robbie didn’t feel as she did. 洛比没有她那种感觉。

  They treated the child as if she were their own. 他们待这孩子像亲生的一样。

  I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 整个这件事我记得很清楚,就仿佛是昨天发生似的。

  【注】(1) 在非正式文体中,like也可用连词,表示方式,与as的用法相似:

  Nobody loves you like I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。

  She can’t cook like her mother does. 她菜做得没有她妈那样好。

  (2) 有时the way 也可用作连词,表示方式,与as的用法相似:

  They didn’t do it the way we do now. 那时他们不像我们现在这样行事。

  I can’t help seeing things the way they do. 我禁不住也像他们那样看事物。

  二、as if [as though] 从句与虚拟语气

  一般说来,若as if 和as though 从句所表示的内容可能为事实,则用陈述语气,若为假设或不大可能为事实,则用虚拟语气。不过在非正式文体中,有时即使句意明确地表示不是事实,也可能用陈述语气:

  He treats me as if I am [were] a stranger. 他待我有如陌生人。

  The stuffed dog barks as if it is [were] a real one. 这个玩具狗叫起来像是真狗似的。

  英语语法名词性从句知识点:whatever引导主语从句的用法

  【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

  whatever引导主语从句时,意义相当于anything that,通常译为“……任何东西(一切事情)”“……所……的一切(所有)”“无论什么……都”。如:

  Whatever she says goes. 一切她说了算。

  Whatever I have is yours. 我的东西都是你的。

  Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。

  Whatever I have is at your service. 我所有的一切都供你使用。

  Whatever you want is fine with me. 无论你要什么对我都合适。

  注意,不要与whatever引导让步状语从句(=no matter what)时的用法相混淆。如:

  Whatever happens, I must be calm. 不管发生什么事我都要镇静。

  Whatever you do, I’ll always love you. 不管你干什么,我永远爱你。

  Whatever you say, I won’t believe you. 不管你说什么,我决不相信你的话。

  英语语法名词性从句知识点:这个答句是什么从句

  【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

  请看下面的题,答句是个什么从句?

  “What were you trying to prove to the police?” “_________ I was last night.”

  A. That B. When C. Where D. What

  【分析】此题应选 C,其余三项均有可能误选,答句为省略句,其完整形式为 I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night. (where 引导的是一个宾语从句)。请看以下类似试题:

  (1) “What made her so happy?” “_________ her son passed the college entrance examinations.”

  A. That B. 不填 C. Since D. For

  【分析】此题选A,为That her son passed the college entrance examinations made her so happy. 之省略。

  (2) “What did she tell you?” “_________ she would be late”

  A. That B. When C. Where D. Whether

  【分析】此题选A,为 She told me that would be late. 之省略。

  (3) “What did he ask you?” “_________ I would be late.”

  A. That B. When C. Where D. Whether

  【分析】此题选D,为 He asked me whether I would be late. 之省略。

  类似地,下面一句是非谓语动词作主语:

  (4) “What made you so upset?” “_________ my wallet.”

  A. Lost B. Losing C. Having lost D. Being lost

  【分析】此题选B,为 Losing my wallet made me so upset. 之省略。

  英语语法名词性从句知识点:whichever引导主语从句的用法

  【导语】英语语法让很多学生都头疼,因为复杂难懂的句式和词组有时难以记忆。为大家整理了英语语法大全,希望对同学们的英语语法学习有所帮助。更多内容尽在。

  whichever引导主语从句时,相义相当于any that, anyone who,通常译为“无论哪个……都”“无论谁……都”。如:

  Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪一个,哪一个就是你的。

  Whichever comes in first will receive a prize. 谁先到就会获奖。

  whichever有时还可以修饰名词或后接表示范围的of短语。如:

  Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多,哪个队就赢。

  Whichever of them gains the most points wins. 他们中哪一个得分最多,哪一个就赢。

  注意,不要与whichever引导让步状语从句(=no matter which)时的用法相混淆。如:

  Whichever side wins, I shall be happy. 不管哪边赢,我都会高兴。

  Whichever he chooses, he is damned. 无论他挑选哪一个都会倒霉。

  Whichever method you use, the result is much the same. 不论你用哪一种方法,结果都差不多。

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