高考英语指导:弄清定状语

时间:2022-05-10 17:23:00 高考英语 我要投稿
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高考英语指导:弄清定状语

  句子是构成篇章的基本单位。要读懂一篇文章,首先要理解每个句子。同样,要写出一篇文章,首先要写好每个句子。一个句子最短的基本成分是“主+谓”,最长的基本成分是“主+谓+宾+补”。基本成分的修饰语为附属成分:定语―修饰限制名词或代词的单词?短语或从句;状语―修饰限制谓语?句子或句子里一部分的单词?短语或从句。

高考英语指导:弄清定状语

  英语中的定语可分为限制性定语和非限制性定语。用来作定语的有:名词?数词?形容词?代词?副词?介词短语?非谓语动词和定语从句等等。

  1. 限制性定语:单个词放在被修饰的词前面,短语和从句放在被修饰的词后面。

  (1)名词?形容词?副词?数词?代词或介词短语等;

  ①She worked in a shoe factory.

  ②Please don’t be so cruel to a ten-year-old child like that.

  副词作定语一般放在被修饰的词后面, 以表示位置的居多。如:

  ③Do you know the man over there?

  ④Poor Jack tottered toward a hospital nearby.

  present, absent, a-开头的形容词和形容词短语作定语放在被修饰的词之后。可以理解成which /that / who +is(was) / are(were)引导的定语从句的省略。如:

  ⑤All the people present at the party were his supporters.

  ⑥I think he is the oldest man alive in the small town.

  (1)非谓语动词(短语),一般可转换成限制性定语从句。

  ①Let’s find a restaurant to have lunch in.

  句中黑体部分可改为:where/in which we can have lunch

  ②The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well spent.

  句中黑体部分可改为:that/which was well spent

  ③He came in, full of fear. (表伴随,相当于When he came in, he was full of fear.)

  ④Ripe, the fruit tastes better. (表时间,相当于When the fruit is ripe.)

  ⑤Right or wrong, I will stand on your side. (表让步,相当于Whether you are right or wrong.)

  (2)非谓语动词(短语),可转换成状语从句。如:

  ①Lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. =句中黑体部分可补充为:After they were lost in the mountains for a week.

  ②It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.

  句中黑体部分可改为:in order that they could have a look at the sports stars

  (3)状语从句。

  ①The house could fall down soon if no one does some quick repair work. (表条件)

  ②Roses need special care so that they can live through winter. (表目的)

  ③Since /as the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.(表原因)

  ④He speaks English as though he were an Englishman. (表方式)

  熟练掌握句子的附属成分,对准确理解句子意思大有裨益,对长句的理解很有好处。在阅读中,有利于将长句读短,去掉枝蔓,抓住核心,提高篇章的理解能力。了解句子的附属成分也有助于写作。正确使用好句子附属成分能将意思表达更加准确,叙述更加生动,丰富表达方式,增强文章感染力。

  真题精练

  1. (2006年上海)I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _____ else, it was hard to make out.

  A. none B. everyone C. someone D. anyone

  2. (2006年北京)There have been several new events _____ to the program for the 2008 Olympic Games.

  A. add B. to add C. adding D. added

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