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高考英语重要知识点及解题指导
高中英语语法有哪些表达方法
(1)倍数+ as...as
倍数+as...as(意为“A是B的几倍”，多用于对客观事物的比较。)
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲有欧洲的四倍大。
This dictionary is twice as heavy as that one.这本字典有那本字典的两倍重。
(2)倍数+比较级形式+than
倍数+(形容词/副词)比较级形式+than，意为“增加(多)几倍”。
This type of car uses three times more petrol than that type does.这种汽车比那种汽车的`耗油多三倍。
The house is twice larger than that one.这间房子比那间大两倍。
(3)倍数+ the size of
倍数+ the size/length/depth of ...意为”是…几倍大/长/深”。
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球的大小是月球的四十九倍。
Shanghai is ten times the size of our hometown.上海有我们家乡的十倍大。
动词的时态和语态高考考点及解题指导
一、考点聚焦
综观近年来的单项填空题,动词成为考查的热点,在15个单项选择中，考查动词时态的题一般不少于2道，动词的时态常和语态、主谓一致结合在一起进行考查。然而,时态多达16种,常用的也有8种之多,且近几年的在考查时态时,形式灵活多样,多体现在上下文语境中,且融多个考点于一题, 这样无形中增加了的难度。其实，纵观近几年的时态语态题，我们不难发现其命题的三个角度：一是直接给定时间状语，考生可直接根据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给定时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接根据时间状语进行选择；三是题干中不提供任何时间状语，而给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出判断并选择最佳答案。
二、真题再现与技巧点播
答题时，研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参考信息”，如：haven’t said, was doing等，这些表达中都含有时间信息，发现和有效利用这些信息是解决问题的关键。解决时态和语态问题，要遵循如下解题思路：
① 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干句中可参照的时间信息有那些？
② 这个动作处于什么时态，是进行中，还是已经结束（完成）？限制或修饰这个动作的状语信息有哪些？
③ 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？
只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题的答案，试题的正确答案也就水落石出了。具体技巧如下：
（一）根据题干中的时间标志词选择时态
1．---The window is dirty.
--- I know. It ________ for weeks. (04全国卷III)
A．hasn’t clean B．didn’t clean
C．wasn’t cleaned D．hasn’t been cleaned
答案：D 根据时间状语for weeks可知道用现在完成时，表示已经有好几周没擦窗了。并且主语It (即the window)与clean 是被动关系，故选D
2．Scientists think that the continents always where they today. （05北京）
A．aren’t; are B．aren’t; were C．weren’t; are D．weren’t; were
答案：C 本题考查时态。由第二个空后的时间状语today可知第二个空应使用现在时态，故淘汰B、D两项，又因为句子内容是在不同时期的`continents的位置进行对比，因此，应选择C项。
3．They on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we it as no good results have come out so far. （05江苏）
A．had been working; are still working B．had worked; were still working
C．have worked; were still working D．have worked; are still working
答案：A 此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直了一周”，强调动作的连续。故答案为A。
4．The country life he was used to greatly since 1992. （05山东）
A．change B．has changed C．changing D．have changed
答案：B句中有since引导时间状语，这说明主句应为完成时，淘汰A、C。又因主语life为单数，淘汰D项，故选B。
5．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year. （05山东）
A．is washing away B．is being washed away
C．are washing away D．are being washed away
答案：D句意为“随着更多森林被毁，每年有许多良田被冲”。本题考查主谓一致及被动语态问题。a large quantity of /large quantities of 后既可以加不可数名词也可以加复数名词，其谓语动词与quantity的数保持一致。
6．--________David and Vicky ________married?
--For about three years．(2003北京)
A．How long were；being B．How long have；got
C．How long have；been D．How long did；get
答案C 从答语For about three years判断，该题问的是动作持续了多久，用现在完成时，排除A、D选项。get married强调的是结婚这一动作，不能延续，排除B。be married表示已婚的状态，可以延续。
[命题角度]
动词时态须与句中时间状语一致。高考题常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态的实际运用。
[应对策略]
敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态。
（二）根据主从句时态呼应的原则选择时态
7．When the old man to walk back to his house, the sun itself behind the mountain. （05湖北）
A．started; had already hidden B．had started; had already hidden
C．had started; was hiding D．was starting; hid
答案：A 此题考查的是时态问题。此题句意为“当老人开始往家走时，太阳已经下山了”。太阳落山的动作发生在开始往家走之前，即从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。故选A。
8．--- What would you do if it tomorrow? （05全国）
--- We have to carry it on , since we’ve got everything ready .
A．rain B．rains C．will rain D．is raining
答案：B 在条件状语从句（if，as long as，even if）、时间状语从句（when，until，before，the moment…）中往往用一般现在时表示将来。
9．They on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we it as no good results have come out so far. （05江苏）
A．had been working; are still working B．had worked; were still working
C．have worked; were still working D．have worked; are still working
答案：A 此题考查的是时态问题。从before引导的从句中的过去时态可知主句的时态应为过去完成时。故排除C、D。now一词提示用现在进行时，表示“他们一直工作了一周”，强调动作的连续。故答案为A。
10．As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when and see him. （05北京）
A．you will come B．will you come C．you come D．do you come
答案：A本题考查宾语从句的语序和时态。根据宾语从句应使用陈述语序，淘汰B、D 两项，又因为宾语从句come和see发生的时间为将来的动作就直接选用将来时态。只有在状语从句中才可以用一般现在时表示将来的动作，而宾语从句中不可，因此淘汰C。
[命题角度]
近年来的高题一般不再单纯考查主从句的时态呼应,而是将其放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查,也会结合强调结构等其它现象进行考查。
[应对策略]
在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点:
①在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时态表示一般将来时态,一般过去时态表示过去将来时态,用现在完成时态表示将来完成时态。
② 正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境。
③ 解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考生应熟知以下规则: 如果主句动词为现在时态,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态; 如果主句动词为过去时态,则从句动词须用合适的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时态)。
（三）根据具体的语言环境选择时态
11．Years ago we didn’t know this, 高考 but recent science_________ that people who don’t sleep well will soon get ill.（05广东）
A．showed B．will show C．has shown D．is showing
答案：C用现在完成时，关键词是recent。
12．The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I before. （05全国卷II）
A．was having B．have C．have ever had D．had ever had
答案：C在句子的情景中,表示“从来没有尝过这么美味的咖啡”。故选C
13．（05全国）The hero’s story differently in the newspapers.
A．was reported B．was reporting C．reports D．reported
答案：A句意为“那位英雄的故事与在报纸上报道的不一样”。根据句意可判断英雄的事迹被报道为过去的事，所以用过去时的某个语态，排除C项；B、D两项为主动语态，不符合题干要求。
14．Now that she is out of job, Lucy ______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. (04北京)
A．had considered B．has been considering
C．considered D．is going to consider
答案：B 根据所提供的情景but she hasn’t decided yet 说明了Lucy 还在考虑这件事，要用现在完成进行时，表示动作还在继续。
[命题角度]
近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。
[应对策略]
捕捉信息,理解情境,综合运用,灵活答题。
高考英语考试大纲核心单词 Q R
Q
qualityn.质量；特性quantityn.数量；大量
quarrelvi.争吵n.争吵，吵架queuen.队列vi.排队等候
quitvt.离开，停止；辞职
R
rangevi.变动，变化n.范围
rankn.军衔vt.归类于raten.比率；速度；价格vt.评价，估价
rayn.光线；射线reactvi.反应
readingn.阅读；读物realityn.现实；真实
receptiona.接待；接待处recognizevt.认出，识别
recommendvt.推荐recovervt.恢复，痊愈
recyclevt.重复利用reducevt.减少，减小
refervt.求助于vi.谈到；参考，查阅reflectvt.反射，反映；思考
reformn.改革，改良vt.改革，革新registervt.登记，注册n.登记，注册
regulara.规则的，整齐的；定期的，常规的rejectvt.拒绝；丢掉；驳回
relatevt.联系relativea.有关系的；相对的n.亲戚，亲属
relevanta.有关的；中肯的reliablea.可靠的
religionn.宗教信仰relyvi.依赖，依靠 高中生物；信赖
remarkvi.评论n.评论；备注remindvt.提醒
remotea.遥远的removevt.移动；搬迁
rentn.租金，租vi.出租repairvt.修理，修补n.修理
repeatvt.重说，重做n.重复replyvi.回答，答复n.答复
representvt.描绘；代表，象征 epublicn.共和国
reputationn.名誉，声望requestn.请求，要求vt.请求，要求
rescuevt.援救，营救reservevt.储备，保留；预定
resistvt.抵抗，抵制respectvt.尊敬，尊重n.尊敬
respondvi.回答；响应responsiblea.有责任的；尽责的
retirevi.退休revisevt.校订，修改
revolutionn.革命；旋转rewardn.报答；报酬vt.报答；酬金
ripea.成熟的；时机成熟的'riskn.风险，危险vt.冒险
robvt.抢劫，劫掠vi.抢劫，劫掠rocketn.火箭
rollvi.滚动，转动n.一卷；名册roofn.屋顶
rootn.根(部)；根源vi.生根，扎根rougha.表面不平的；粗略的；大致的
rudea.粗野的，残暴的ruinn.毁灭；废墟vt.毁坏
阅读理解与阅读模式
我们都知道，阅读不等于理解。那么，阅读到理解是一个怎样的过程呢？目前主要有以下三种观点：
（一）文本驱动阅读
文本驱动阅读模式，亦称自下而上阅读方式（bottom-up approach），指理解主要是对文本的理解。读者首先是对字母和单词的理解，然后是对短语和句子和段落的理解，最后是语篇的理解。阅读过程就是这种由字母到句子，由低级到高级的理解过程，读者所做的就是对文本的解码。而读者的解码过程总是从单词的最基本意思开始，然后逐步过渡到对词组和语篇的理解。
（二）图式驱动阅读
与文本驱动阅读模式不同，图式驱动阅读模式，亦称自上而下的阅读（top-down approach），认为理解涉及文本和图式两方面因素。读者在进行文本解码的同时同样在应用其已有知识帮助其理解，包括世界知识、文化知识、话题知识、语篇知识、策略知识等。借助这些知识，读者可以对其所阅读的材料和接下来要阅读的材料进行猜测，而整个阅读过程就是猜测、预测、验证预测，修正预测、调整预测的过程，也就是读者与文本的交互对话过程。
依据图式驱动理论，阅读就是一个猜测游戏，它强调背景知识在阅读中的作用。读者对于同一篇文本会存在迥然不同的.理解就是其不同的经历、不同的图式知识所致。阅读不是简单的解码过程，而是一个对话，不仅仅是读者与文本的对话，同时也是读者与作者的对话
（三）交互阅读（Interactive 高中语文 Approach）
交互阅读模式，亦称交互补充模式（Interactive-Compensatory approach）。根据斯坦诺威奇（Stanovich）的观点，阅读过程中读者要同时借助多种渠道的信息才能正确理解文本。来自不同渠道的信息以不同的方式作用于理解，起到互补的作用。这些信息既包括来自文本的信息如音位、词汇、句法、语意和语篇等，又包括图式知识。因此，如格拉比（Grabe，1991）所说，阅读就是一个交互过程，一是读者与文本的交互，二是文本驱动与图式驱动的交互。读者对文本信息的建构部分依赖于文本信息，部分依赖于读者的已有相关知识。要做到流畅阅读，读者不仅要掌握解码技能，同时还必须掌握应有的知识，注意积累以丰富完形自己的图式，在阅读中注意文本与图式的交互。
高考英语完形填空备考“四字诀”
完形填空题被大多数考生认为是比较难的题型。从到做过的完形填空题应该是够多的了。可是考生完形填空的就是没怎么提高。按理来说。做过许多题目，也就是经过了大量的训练，效果应该是不错的，可事实却相反。出现这种情况的原因，一般是训练上出了问题。其实，要提高完形填空的成绩并不是完全靠解题技巧。而是要靠平时有效的训练。许多考生平时做了大量的完形填空的练习，可是由于练习不到位，即所进行的训练不是有效的训练，因此效果不佳。就完形填空题的“训练”而言。一般师生的做法就是分两步走——做、讲，仅此而已，没有更深入的训练。这样做效果当然不会很好。
完形填空做不好的原因主要有：1、文章理解不深刻；2、做题方法不正确；3、训练方法不得当。很多同学在做完形填空时没有先读懂文章，或者理解不深刻之前就开始填空，甚至没读完一遍就直接填空。这是出错的主要原因。要保证有较高的正确率，考生就必须深刻解短文。要深刻解短文，考生就必须保证有足够的时间阅读文章。做一篇完形填空的时间应不少于15分钟，当然也不能多于20分钟。很多考生做完形填空10分钟就做完了，这样是不会有很高的正确率的。为了使同学们在完形填空上有重大的突破，本文建议大家用“练、核、填、读”这“四字诀”来进行高考完形填空的备考。
练
这里所说的“练”指的是“做题”。做完形填空题一定要使用正确的方法。
完形填空做题的基本原则是“先读懂文章，再完成空格”，即所谓的“先完其意而后完其形”。对文章整体的理解是做好完形填空的前提和基础。对一篇文章理解得越透彻，完形填空就会做得越好。如果对文章的意思理解不到位或有偏差。做完形填空可能就成了“猜谜语”。很多学生每次做完形填空时就是靠“猜”的，这样做题做得再多也没什么效果。
做什么样的完形填空题效果较好呢?要想效果好，建议大家用高考真题中的完形填空进行训练，因为高考完形填空的选材、命题等方面都是比较合理的。多做高考真题能够很好地把握高考的命题特点和趋势，能够最有效地应付完形填空这类。每周做2～3篇高考完形填空真题，坚持做几十篇后。效果就出来了。
第一步：跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意。第一遍读文章时不要做题，而是跳过空格，通读试题所给的要填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。平时自己做题时，如果读一遍读不懂，那就读两遍，读两遍还是读不懂，那就再读一遍。一定要记住“读不懂文章不要做题”，因为没有理解文章做了也是白做，既浪费时间又浪费精力，还自欺欺人，危害不小。总之，一定要在理解短文意思的基础上才能开始做题。
另外，读第一遍时要注意先读懂文章的首句和末句，因为这两句往往是没有被挖空的句子。它们往往是全文的关键句，是文章的“窗口”和“指南”，可作为解题的突破口。通过读文章的首句一般可判断文章的体裁、人物、时间、事件和事态等。文章的最后一句或最后一段，往往是故事发展的结果，所陈述的事件的结论、启示性的提示，或是对全篇文章的概括。因此，先读一读末句对理解文章是很有帮助的。
第二步：结合选项，综合考虑，初选答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合所给备选项再次细读全文。联系上、下文内容。注意从上、下文的结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示。以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构人手，根据短文意思、规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项，初步选定答案。有把握的先做，没有把握的“跳过”。
第三步：先易后难，瞻前顾后，各个击破。对比较明显、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，自然就会降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。
值得一提的是，近年来的高考完形填空，已很少有纯粹的语法题材。完形填空主要考查考生根据不完整的上下文，推断出文段发展走向的逻辑能力，其考查的重点不是语法和词法的。任何一篇文章的句子结构和内容上不会孤立存在，句子与句子之间是有很强的逻辑关系的。因此，必须借助上下文的一些暗示才能正确解题。
第四步：复读全文，逐空验证，弥补疏漏。做完所有的空格后，把所选的'答案补入空格中，把文章通读一遍，逐空认真复查，看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法，发现误选的答案或有疑问的、不清楚的答案，再次推敲，作出修正。
核
这里所说的“核”指的是“核对答案”。核对答案时要注意根据上下文的逻辑来做题这一精髓。核对答案后要特别注意做错的题目，分析做错的原因，这样可以避免今后再犯同样的错误。这一步相信大家都很清楚，这里就不再多作说明。
填
这里所说的“填”，指的是“填空”，即不看答案，考生自己再读文章，利用上下文的逻辑关系，根据先易后难的原则，把空格补充完整。这种填空的训练有利于培养考生良好的思维习惯，有利于训练考生的逻辑，有利于提高考生的“断句恢复能力”，有利于加强考生的语篇理解和把握能力以及词语的应用能力。考生每周应坚持做2～3道高考真题的完形填空。经过几个月的训练后，考生完形填空的做题能力肯定会大大提高。
另外，这样“填空”的训练也可利用高三的课文中的“选词填空”进行。训练的时候建议大家把给出的词语蒙住不看，自己来填空。
读
高中英语 这里所说的“读”指的是“熟读”。填好的短文要读5遍以上，达到熟练的程度。熟读的目的是培养语感，积累语言材料。语感形成了，头脑中积累的语言材料丰富了之后，完形填空的做题能力在无形中也就有效地提高了。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）
本试卷共16页，共150分，考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。
例：What is the man going to read?
A. A newspaper
B. A magazine
C. A book
答案是A。
Who answered the phone？
Mike B. Henry C. Tom
What’s the woman’s favourite food?
Italian. B. Chinese. C. Indian
When does the first flight arrive in Detroit?
5:18am. B.6:10am C.8:50am
What is the woman looking for?
Zoo B. Telephone C. Tennis court
What will the weather be like at the weekend?
Cloudy. B. Snowy. C. Sunny
第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
Where are the two speakers?
In the hotel B In a shop C. In a restaurant
How much did the man pay in the end?
$115. B. $130 C. $140
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
What did the man do last weekend?
Watched TV. B. Stayed at home. C. Visited a friend
What will the woman probably do this weekend?
Play tennis. B. Do some shopping C. Go to a dance
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
Where are the new houses?
On the main road. B. Close to a bus station. C. Near the sports center.
What does the woman like most about the new houses?
The garden. B. The space. C. The quietness
How does the man feel about the woman’s suggestion?
Delighted. B. Disappointed. C. Uninterested.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
What can’t the students do without a teacher?
Hold parties.
Complete the Safety Sheet.
Use any emergency equipment.
Why are the students asked to tie back their loose hour in the lab?
It may catch fire
It may cover their eyes.
It may pass chemicals to their faces.
What is the speech mainly about?
Laboratory regulations.
Safety instructions.
After-class activities.
第三节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
听下面的'一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你将听两遍。
Telephone Cancellation Request Form
Account Name
Edward 16
Telephone No.
17
Home Phone Plan
Nonrefundable(不退款) 18 pre-paid plan
Reason for Cancellation
19 house
Cancellation Date Required
20 9, by 5:00 pm
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again ______, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. What’s more B. That’s to say
C. In other words D. Believe it or not
答案是D。
21. —Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only
22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.
A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting
23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting
24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A. why B. how C. that D. whether
25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he ______.
A. wouldn’t B. didn’t C. hasn’t D. hadn’t
26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use
28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____.
A. some B. less C. much D. more
29. —Have you heard about that fire in the market?
— Yes, fortunately no one _____.
A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt
30. Our friendship _____ quickly over the weeks that followed.
A. had developed B. was developing
C. would develop D. developed
31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.
A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock
33. We ______ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me?
A. should face B. might face
C. could have faced D. must have faced
34. Do you think this shirt is too tight ____ the shoulders?
A. at B. on C. to D. across
35. Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Inspiration
“Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my __36__ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was __37__ to more, my interests in the world of dance __38__ varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a __39__ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a __40__; I became a member of the company __41__ back to 1925.
As I look back on that day now, it surely __42__ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief __43__ I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. I never actually __44__ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely __45__. I remember shaking with excitement.
Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of __46__. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to __47__ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme __48__ to detail (细节) and stress on practice that set us __49__. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals __50__ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new __51__ of the words “hard work.” What I thought were my physical __52__ were pushed much further than I thought __53__. I learned to make each performance better than the last.
Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great __54__ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a __55__ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.
36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word
37. A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended
38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently
39. A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer
40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality
41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking
42. A. lacks B. adds C. makes D. brings
43. A. while B. since C. until D. when
44. A. Cared B. Expected C. Asked D. Decided
45. A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished
46. A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures
47. A. put B. mix C. build D. pick
48. A. Attention B. association C. attraction D. adaptation
49. A. apart B. aside C. off D. back
50. A. over B. by C. with D. beyond
51. A. function B. meaning C. expression D. usage
52. A. boundaries B. problems C. barriers D. efforts
53. A. necessary B. perfect C. proper D. possible
54. A. talent B. honor C. potential D. responsibility
55. A. victory B. trend C. tradition D. desire
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Basics of Math—Made Clear
Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.
The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.
Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study.
By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.
Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.
With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.
If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.
56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?
A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics.
C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education.
57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?
A. Stronger imaginative ability.
B. Additional presentation skills.
C. More mathematical confidence.
D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.
58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel?
A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.
B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.
C. He works in Georgia State University.
D. He specializes in training teachers.
59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?
A. A news report. B. A book review
C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement
B
Peanuts to This
Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”
Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (掷) a coin. Heads—the commander, and tails—the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.
Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster’s office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!
60. What did the author’s classmates think about his report?
A. Controversial. B. Ridiculous.
C. Boring. D. Puzzling.
61. Why was the author confused about the task?
A. He was unfamiliar with American history.
B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin.
C. He forgot his teacher’s instruction.
D. He was new at the school.
62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.
A. annoyed B. ashamed
C. ready D. eager
63. In the end, the author turned things around _______.
A. by redoing his task
B. through his own efforts
C. with the help of his grandfather
D. under the guidance of his headmaster
C
Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress ?at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively
65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure
C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions
66. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks
D
Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
67. John Sauven holds that_____.
A. many people value nature too much
B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful
C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities
D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong
68. What is the main idea of Para. 3?
A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.
B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.
C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.
D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.
69. What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?
A. Objective. B. Disapproving.
C. Sceptical. D. Optimistic.
70. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
A. B.
C. D.
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion
第二节（共5小题 ；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Empathy
Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __71__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.
Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72__
There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__ “Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.
What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __75__
To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.
Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.
That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.
“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.
Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.
Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.
Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.
Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
情景作文（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。
注意：1.日记的开头已为你写好。
2.词数不少于60。
Saturday，June2 Fine
This morning
(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
第二节 开放作文（15分）
请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。
You are discussing the following picture with your English friend Jim. Now you are telling him how you understand the picture and what makes you think so.
(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
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