生物专业英语试题及答案(二)

期末试题 时间:2015-01-13 我要投稿
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生物专业英语试题及答案(二)

 

将英语短文译为中文:(4篇短文,每个小题的标题也要翻译,各为15、10、10、5分,共40分)

1. “The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004”Press Release(15分)

4 October 2004

The Nobel Assemblyat Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2004 jointly toRichard Axel and Linda B. Buckfor their discoveries of "odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"

Summary

The sense of smell long remained the most enigmatic of our senses. The basic principles for recognizing and remembering about 10,000 different odours were not understood. This year's Nobel Laureates in Physiology or Medicine have solved this problem and in a series of pioneering studies clarified how our olfactory system works. They discovered a large gene family, comprised of some 1,000 different genes (three per cent of our genes) that give rise to an equivalent number of olfactory receptor types. These receptors are located on the olfactory receptor cells, which occupy a small area in the upper part of the nasal epithelium and detect the inhaled odorant molecules.

Each olfactory receptor cell possesses only one type of odorant receptor, and each receptor can detect a limited number of odorant substances. Our olfactory receptor cells are therefore highly specialized for a few odours. The cells send thin nerve processes directly to distinct micro domains, glomeruli, in the olfactory bulb, the primary olfactory area of the brain. Receptor cells carrying the same type of receptor send their nerve processes to the same glomerulus. From these micro domains in the olfactory bulb the information is relayed further to other parts of the brain, where the information from several olfactory receptors is combined, forming a pattern. Therefore, we can consciously experience the smell of a lilac flower in the spring and recall this olfactory memory at other times.

Richard Axel, New York, USA, and Linda Buck, Seattle, USA, published the fundamental paper jointly in 1991, in which they described the very large family of about one thousand genes for odorant receptors. Axel and Buck have since worked independent of each other, and they have in several elegant, often parallel, studies clarified the olfactory system, from the molecular level to the organization of the cells.

2004年诺贝尔生理或医学奖新闻稿(发布公告)

2004年10月4日

卡罗琳斯卡研究所的诺贝尔大会于今天已经决定将2004年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖共同授予理查德·阿克塞尔和琳达·巴克是因为(以表彰)他们在“气味受体和嗅觉系统的组织”的发现

摘要

1.2 第1段汉化(4分):

长期以来,嗅觉仍是人类感觉中最神秘的。识别和记忆大约1万种不同气味的基本原理并未被理解。今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者解决了这一问题,并用一系列开创性的研究工作,阐明了我们的嗅觉系统如何工作(的原理)。他们发现了一个庞大的基因家族,它由1千种不同的基因组成(占人类基因组数目的百分之三),因而产生相同数量的嗅觉受体类型。这些受体位于嗅觉受体细胞上,它们占据了小面积的鼻上皮上部,并且在此感知吸入的气味分子。

1.3 第2段汉化(5分):

每个嗅觉受体细胞只拥有一种类型的气味受体,而每种受体可以感知(探测)种数有限的气味物质。因此,我们的嗅觉受体细胞对于一些特定气味则是高度专化的。这些细胞发出细长的神经突起直接到达嗅球的不同微域—嗅小球,而嗅球是大脑的初级嗅觉区域。拥有同种受体的受体细胞发出它们的神经突起(即轴突神经)到达同种嗅小球。从嗅球的这些微域中,信息是被进一步传达至大脑的其他部位,在那里来自几种嗅觉受体的信息相结合,从而形成一个嗅觉模式(格局)。因此,我们能够在春天自觉体验丁香花的气味,并在以后时间里回味这些(美好的)嗅觉记忆。

1.4 第3段汉化(3分):

来自美国纽约理查德·阿克塞尔,和来自美国西雅图的琳达·巴克,于1991年共同发表了那篇奠基性论文,在该文中他们描述(报道)了具有大约1千种气味受体基因的一个巨大家族。自那以后,Axel(人名可不译,照搬即可)和Buck各自独立开展研究,而且取得了若干漂亮的、往往是平行的研究成果,从分子水平到细胞构成,阐明了嗅觉系统(的结构和原理)

生物专业英语试题及答案分页:

一、名词解释、连线题  二、短文翻译1  三、翻译2、3 四、翻译4 五、综合题看图作答

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