大学《生物专业英语》期末试题及答案(三)

期末试题 时间:2015-01-13 我要投稿
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大学《生物专业英语》期末试题及答案(三)

将英语短文译为中文:(4篇短文,每个小题的标题也要翻译,各为15、10、10、5分,共40分)

 

2. Kin Recognition (10分)
Many organisms, from sea squirts to primates, can identify their relatives. Understanding how and why they do so has prompted new thinking about the evolution of social behavior by David W. Pfennig and Paul W. Sherman Kinship is a basic organizing principle of all societies. Humans possess elaborate means by which to identify relatives, such as using surnames and maintaining detailed genealogies.

Mechanisms for distinguishing kin also occur throughout the plant and animal kingdoms regardless of an organism’s social or mental complexity, in creatures as diverse as wildflowers and wasps. Scientists are beginning to discover that an understanding of the origin and mechanisms of kin recognition offers fresh insights into such diverse topics as how living things choose their mates, how they learn and how their immune system works.

BELDING’S GROUND SQUIRRELS live in groups in which mothers, daughters and sisters cooperate extensively. By using odors, the squirrels can distinguish familiar nestmates, who are close kin, from nonnestmates. They can also discriminate between full sisters and half sisters.

亲属识别

许多生物,从海鞘以灵长类动物,可以识别其亲属。

了解它们如何以及为什么这样做,已促进对社会行为进化的新的思考。

David W. Pfennig 和 Paul W. Sherman(姓名可不译)

2.2 第1段汉化(5分):
 

亲属关系是所有社会的一种基本组织准则(1分)。人类拥有精致的手段,例如使用姓氏和保存详细的族谱以查验亲属(1分)。无论生物之社会或心理的复杂性,辨别亲属的机制也遍及植物和动物界,其在生物界多样性就如同植物之野花和动物之黄蜂一样多(1分)。科学家开始发现,对亲属识别的起源和机制的理解,提供了对如此多样课题的新颖见解(透视),例如生物如何选择其配偶,他们如何学习以及其免疫系统如何工作(2分)。

2.3 第2段汉化(2分):

拜氏(贝尔丁)地松鼠营群体生活,在其社群生活中母亲、女儿和姐妹广泛合作。通过利用气味,这种松鼠能够辨别熟悉的巢伴、亲属和非巢伴。它们还可以区分全姐妹和半姐妹。

生物专业英语试题及答案分页:

一、名词解释、连线题  二、短文翻译1  三、翻译2、3 四、翻译4 五、综合题看图作答

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