生物专业英语复习试题及答案（四）
将英语短文译为中文:（4篇短文，每个小题的标题也要翻译，各为15、10、10、5分，共40分）
3 Self-Powered Nanotech （10分）
Nanosize machines need still tinier power plants
By Zhong Lin Wang
The watchmaker in the 1920s who devised the self-winding wristwatch was on to a great idea: mechanically harvesting energy from the wearer’s moving arm and putting it to work rewinding the watch spring.
Today we are beginning to create extremely small energy harvesters that can supply electrical power to the tiny world of nanoscale devices, where things are measured in billionths of a meter. We call these power plants nanogenerators. The ability to make power on a minuscule scale allows us to think of implantable biosensors that can continuously monitor a patient’s blood glucose level, or autonomous strain sensors for structures such as bridges, or environmental sensors for detecting toxins — all running without the need for replacement batteries. Energy sources are desperately needed for nanorobotics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), homeland security and even portable personal electronics. It is hard to imagine all the uses such infinitesimal generators may eventually find.
In Brief
★Nanotechnology has huge potential — but those minuscule devices will need a power source that is better than a battery.
★ Waste energy, in the form of vibrations or even the human pulse, could provide sufficient power to run such tiny gadgets.
★ Arrays of piezoelectric nanowires could capture and transmit that waste energy to nanodevices.
★ Medical devices will likely be a major application. A pacemaker’s battery could be charged so it would not need replacing, or implanted wireless nanosensors could monitor blood glucose for diabetics.
自我供电的纳米技术
纳米级大小的机器仍然需要更加小巧的发电厂
王中林（Zhong Lin Wang）
3.2 第一段 (4分)
1920年代的钟表匠制造出的自动上发条手表，来自一个伟大的点子：以机械的方式从戴表者晃动的手臂获取能量，重新上紧手表发条。
今天，我们则打算制造极小的能源获取器，来为奈米仪器的小小世界供应电力。这些东西称为“纳米发电机”，由于它们有能力在微小的尺度内产生电力，我们便能开始设法让有些东西不须更换电池就能运作，像是可以持续监测病患血糖浓度的植入性生物侦测器、会自动拉紧桥墩的结构侦测器，或是侦测有毒物质的环境侦测器等。此外，纳米机器人、微机电系统（MEMS）、国防安全，甚至可携式个人电子用品，都亟需电力来源。我们很难想象，最后可以找到这么精细微小的发电器，为上述电子仪器供电。
3.3 第二段 (4分)
重点提要
■ 纳米科技的潜力无穷，但是这些微小的装置必须有比电池更好的电力来源。
■ 由振动甚至人体脉搏所浪费掉的能量，就可以提供足够的动力来驱动这类的小机件
■ 压电纳米线数组可以捕捉这些浪费掉的能量，并传送给纳米装置。
■ 医疗装置将会是最主要的应用项目。它们可以为起搏器的电池充电，因此不需要更换电池，也可以植入无线纳米侦测器，以监测糖尿病患的血糖浓度。
4. Finding Early Signs of Mad-Cow Disease（5分）
Disease damage: This microscopy image shows brain tissue damaged by Creutzfeldt-Jakob （可不译，照搬） disease. Researchers have made a list of blood proteins that act as early indicators of a group of diseases including bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad-cow disease. The human form of BSE, a fatal degenerative neurological disorder, called Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Biotech pioneer: Leroy Hood, president and cofounder of the Institute for Systems Biology, in Seattle, invented several tools, including the automated DNA sequencer that helped make it possible to sequence the human genome. Now, biotech pioneer Leroy Hood explains how Systems Biology will impact medicine.
4.1 小标题汉化（1分）：发现疯牛病的早期信号（注：关键术语为划线者，以下同）
4.2 图注汉化（2分）：
图1（2分）：疾病损伤：此显微图片显示被克鲁兹菲尔特-雅各布疾病所损伤的大脑组织（注：Creutzfeldt-Jakob 可不用翻译，照搬即可）。研究者已经制造了一系列血蛋白，它们可作为一组疾病的早期显示剂，这组疾病包括牛海绵状脑疾病（BSE），亦被称为疯牛病。疯牛病的人类形式，一种致命的退行性神经疾病，则叫做克鲁兹菲尔特-雅格氏脑病（简称克雅氏脑病）。
图2（2分）：生物技术的先驱：莱诺伊·胡德（人名可不译，照搬），是位于西雅图的系统生物学研究所的总裁和共同创立者（联合创始人），他发明过几种工具，包括自动化DNA测序仪，该技术有助于使测序人类基因组成为可能。现在，生物技术先驱，莱若伊胡德博士，要解释系统生物学将如何影响医学。
生物专业英语试题及答案分页：