高考英语语法复习指南

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高考英语语法复习指南

　　（一）考纲要求

高考英语语法复习指南

　　考纲规定，冠词考查基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词，不定冠词a与an的区别；不用冠词的情况；习语中的冠词；特指与泛指等，语法复习冠词。

　　（二）命题导向

　　冠词规则的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题的单项选择或完形填空都有涉及冠词的题目，不定冠词和定冠词的一些特殊用法，习惯用法及不用冠词的情况是高考重点考查的知识点。

　　（三）基本用法

　　当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词）三种。冠词是一种虚词，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定词，放在名词（或名词化的形容词分词）前面，说明其所指的人或物。

　　1、定冠词的基本用法：

　　① 表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

　　② 用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.

　　③ 用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

　　④ 用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the east, the right.

　　⑤ 用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the first, the tallest.

　　⑥ 用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the sick, the wounded.

　　⑦ 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.

　　⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

　　⑨ 用于复数姓氏之前，表示"夫妇"或"全家"。如：The Smiths

　　⑩ 用于乐器的名词前。如：play the piano; play the violin.

　　⑾ 发明物。如：The compass was invented in China.

　　⑿ 年代名词前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.

　　⒀ 固定词组中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

　　2、不定冠词的基本用法：

　　① 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table.

　　② 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.

　　③ 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

　　④ 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示"每一"。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。）

　　⑤ 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。）

　　⑥ 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.

　　⑦ 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译"帮手"）

　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word

　　3、不用冠词的情况：

　　① 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。）

　　② 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English.

　　③ 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct.

　　④ 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most.

　　⑤ 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother?

　　⑥ 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch?

　　⑦ 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

　　⑧ 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball.

　　⑨ 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）等。

　　练习（一）、冠词

　　1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.

　　A. the, theB. a, theC. the, /D. the, a

　　2. ---- What happened?---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.

　　A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a

　　3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.

　　A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, a

　　4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.

　　A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The

　　5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.

　　A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a

　　6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn't ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.

　　A. a, aB. a, theC. the, theD. the, a

　　7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. aB. anC. theD. every

　　8. He was absent because he had caught ____.

　　A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy cold D. heavy cold

　　9. ____ water is ____ liquid.A. The, aB. A, aC. /, /D. /, a

　　10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.

　　A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a

　　11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.

　　A. aB. theC. anotherD. other

　　12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.

　　A. firstB. a firstC. secondD. the second

　　13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal.A. The, theB. The, aC. The, anD. /, a

　　14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.

　　A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 1995

　　15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life.A. The, theB. The, a C. The, /D. /, the

　　16. The soldier died during ____ World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a

　　17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.

　　A. a 1870B. 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870s

　　18. Alice is ____ of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tallD. the taller

　　19. ---- Can your sister play ____?---- No, but she can play ____.

　　A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the piano

　　20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.

　　A. frontB. the frontC. a front D. instead

　　21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.

　　A. in herB. on herC. in theD. on the

　　22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.

　　A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /

　　23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.

　　A. The, theB. /, /C. The, /D. /, the

　　24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. aB. theC. anD. /

　　25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?

　　A. manB. the manC. a manD. men

　　26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./

　　27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China.A. AB. TheC. /D. That

　　28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.

　　A. the, /B. /, theC. a, /D. /, a<

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