Unit Three Happiness
(1)
1. inform
2. evaluate
3. attractive
4. depression
5. leisure
6. Collective
7. decreased
8. spiritual
9. religious
10. temporary
11. scales
12. cultivate
13. suggests
14. purchase
15. inevitable
16. enable
17. reinforced
18. comparison
19. occupations
20. destructive
(2)
1) work out
2) have a clear conscience
3) other than
4) fact of life
5) as a whole
6) relative to
7) point of view
8) in terms of
9) in part
10) took pains
11) in effect
12) serve as
13) Leave … with
14) wore out
15) better off
16) has a great deal to do with
17) from … derives
(1)
1) 反攻，反击
2) 反要求;反诉
3) 对策;对付措施
4) 对应的人(物)，对手
5) 产生相反效果的
6) 抗癌的
7) 防冻剂
8) 防污染的
9) 反对吸烟的
10) 不合群的;反社会的
(2)
1) decrease
2) ranking
3) concept
4) suggest
5) central, key
6) way, pattern
7) aim, goal, end
8) buy
9) seek
10) norm, criterion
11) position
12) total, amount
13) short-term
14) honest
15) sort
16) inevitable
(3)
1. total
2. current
3. ideal
4. relatives
5. alternative
6. objectives
7. individual
8. maximum
(1)
1. was the law
2. could he free himself from feelings of guilt
3. will he now
4. have I faced so difficult a choice
5. are visitors allowed to feed the animals in the zoo
6. had we started lunch when the doorbell rang
7. she told me did I realize the mistake I had made
8. can you buy shoes like that
9. did he protest
10. I known what was going to happen
(2)
1. Your picture / painting is far / much more beautiful.
2. If only I could do half as well as you (have done)!
3. The publishing house has produced twice as many books as it did last year.
4. We had to do more work for less money.
5. While people are richer in material wealth, their spiritual life is poorer.
(1) whole
(2) However
(3) part
(4) In effect
(5) derived
(6) purchased
(7) better off
(8) take pains
(9) necessarily
(10) to do
(11) comparison
(12) relative
(13) inevitable
(14) serve
(15) seek
Translation
(1)
1. For thousands of years philosophers have taken pains to illustrate / explain / interpret the meaning of happiness from their own points of view.
2. When I first came to college, I suddenly found myself left with everything to deal with by myself. It was not until then did I realize that living with my parents was truly a happy experience.
3. You shouldn’t always make comparison with others; otherwise, you may be trapped in / fall into depression, for there are always many others who are better than you.
4. Today people are much better off and enjoy more leisure. Strangely enough, they find life boring / dull.
5. Life, in effect, is long but short of excitement. You are sure to suffer from inevitable disappointment if you expect everyday life to be as exciting as a drama.
6. A life that is too easy / smooth may also be destructive because it offers no opportunity for one to learn how to deal with / handle failures / frustrations / setbacks. That / This in part explains / accounts for the high rates of suicide among young people.
(2)
Happiness must have much to do with money. After all, a hard life will wear out one’s sense of joy. However, happiness doesn’t derive from money alone. Today’s society as a whole has seen dramatic improvement in the standard of living, and the majority of people are decently fed and clothed. However, are people happier today? In fact, when the mass media and commercial advertisements are still reinforcing the notion that to be happy is to possess more, people find themselves longing more earnestly than ever for a happy and healthy spiritual life: being loved, respected, feeling safe and proud of realizing their self-value. As a wise man once pointed out, happiness lies in the positive attitude one holds towards life other than how much money one earns. Those millionaires who view life as boring and empty serve as good negative examples.
1. Man Does Not Live by Bread Alone
No one would doubt the truth that man’s existence relies essentially on material things. We need them to get fed, clothed and sheltered. Once we are living near the breadline, we’ll feel frustrated and miserable.
However, our contentment does not merely lie in material things. This is especially the case in modern times. The fast-developing economy has noticeably improved our lives and fulfilled most of our material needs. Then there comes the need of spiritual satisfaction, which is derived from good health, close friends, a loving spouse, well-raised children, a home built on love, a clear conscience, a worthy goal and an enjoyable job. While material things may lose their charm over time, spiritual satisfaction will bring us lasting happiness.
Therefore, to live a happy life, we should focus more on those things that meet our spiritual demands. After all, when our need for bread is met, happiness will not come unless we feel spiritually satisfied.
2. I Really Made It
I will never forget the awful feeling in my first Oral English class at college. I tried hard to listen to every word the teacher spoke, but what she was saying made no sense to me. Bitterly, I admitted that I was so poor at listening and speaking in English.
I wept several times, cursing my middle school for failing to provide adequate listening and speaking practice. But finally I calmed down because the familiar words rang in my ears: There must be a way out. I had a rather solid foundation of English vocabulary and grammar. What was left for me to do was to increase my listening input and speaking output. I made it a rule that every morning I would do reading aloud by the campus lake for 40 minutes, and every evening I would stay in the language lab, listening to English for at least an hour.
Then at the end of the second year came my happiest moment: I got the Scholarship for Academic Excellence. I wore a broad smile when the president granted me the award. I then came to realize that happiness can only be gained through hard work.
Unit Four Health
(1)
1. indifferent
2. prejudice
3. appealing
4. rendered
5. threats
6. respect
7. isolate
8. sucked
9. infected
10. ignorance
11. namely
12. probable
13. reluctantly
14. applause
15. wept
16. issued
17. shelter
18. contracted
19. cheated
20. tolerated
(2)
1. guard against
2. concern yourself with
3. make room for
4. bring … to an end
5. in the hope of
6. on the ground(s) that
7. at risk
8. set aside
9. As regards
10. cut off
11. Owing to
12. Carry on
(1)
1)accurate accuracy 精确，准确(度)
2) advocate advocacy 提倡;鼓吹
3) consistent consistency一致性;连贯性
4) delicate delicacy 细嫩;精美
5) efficient efficiency 效能，效率
6) intimate intimacy 亲密，密切
7) president presidency总统等的职位
8) private privacy 隐私;独处
9) secret secrecy 保密;保密能力
10) self-sufficient self-sufficiency自给自足
(2)
1. secrecy
2. presidency
3. consistency
4. efficiency
5. privacy
6. intimacy
7. accuracy
8. self-sufficiency
9. advocacy
10. delicacy
(3)
1. justification
2. justice
3. justifiable
4. justify
5. justified
6. just
(1)
1. I can discuss the matter with you now if (it is) necessary (to do so).
2. When (they are) watching the World Cup, the students often cheer loudly.
3. Unless (you are) otherwise instructed, you should leave by the back exit.
4. Perhaps I could not write a best-seller and (I) will never be able to (do so).
5. In the accident the child was hurt and the mother (was) killed.
6. Speaking exercises one’s tongue, reading (exercises) one’s eyes and writing (exercises) one’s mind.
(2.1)
1. to reach an agreement in such a delicate situation
2. the way he keeps changing his mind
3. that perhaps he was lying
4. to be asked to speak here
5. buying so much food when the children are all away
(2.2)
1. It is disappointing
2. I find it useless / pointless
3. It is not possible / It is impossible
4. They kept it a secret / kept it quiet
5. It is still not clear
(1) threat
(2) at risk
(3) infected
(4) prejudice
(5) isolated
(6) contracted
(7) shelter
(8) grieve
(9) along
(10) pathway
(11) issue
(12) bring
(13) evil
(14) concern ourselves with
(15) support
Translation
(1)
1) They took their sick father on a long journey to Beijing in the hope of finding a cure for /in the hope of curing his heart disease / problem.
2) The campaign of Knowing More About AIDS needs to be carried on, and for / at this stage the emphasis is put on the way (how) the disease is contracted.
3) If power is properly applied / used / exercised, the lives of the common people will be rendered happy. If not, their daily life will be placed under threat.
4) Could a government justifiably use nuclear weapons to guard against terrorist attacks?
5) Owing to ignorance of the disease, many people still believe that HIV victims deserve what they suffer.
6) The newly issued report on improving the medical system in rural areas leads us to believe that the era is to be brought to an end when such areas are always short of doctors and medicines
(2)
Retirement brings people’s career to an end. They find, all of a sudden, that they can no more / longer carry on the job they have done for dozens of years. Some old people cannot adapt themselves to such a change and thus become depressed, believing that they are no longer useful. Indeed, depression has become one of the leading threats to old people’s health. Nonetheless, many old people in China are able to maintain their sense of usefulness by rendering their grown-up children services, such as taking care of their grandchildren and providing allowances to them. The question remains as to whether senior citizens should try other means to fill up their leisure, rendering their later years still more meaningful. I suggest the old concern themselves less with their children and make room for young people to take responsibility for their own lives. After all, the old deserve respect from the young and the young should tolerate their aged parents more, on the grounds that the old have contributed so much for so many years both to their family and to society.
1. AIDS Across the Earth
AIDS has killed and is threatening to kill millions all across the earth. Several million infections are reported by WHO each year. The virus does not care whether you are black or white, male or female, young or old. It will attack you as long as you are a human. Today, AIDS has become the leading killer of young adults and is turning the children whose parents suffer the disease into orphans. It is no exaggeration to say that we live under the shadow of AIDS.
There are several possible causes for such a situation: unsafe sexual intercourse; sharing or reusing contaminated needles; transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products; an infected person’s pregnancy, giving birth and breastfeeding, etc. Unfortunately, our ignorance, prejudice and silence have carried the situation to a desperate extreme. Patients are isolated or treated as outcasts by their families and their communities. AIDS victims feel ashamed to be identified as such and try hard to hide their disease. For this reason, they cannot get immediate medical treatment. Our harmful attitudes towards the disease and its victims have actually placed more people at risk.
In our fight against this deadly disease, we should educate people on how to avoid being infected with the disease and how to lead a healthy and secure life and, more importantly, how to treat AIDS patients properly. Only in this way can we really bring AIDS under control.
2. Why Do the Young Adults Kill Themselves?
Young adults are in the prime of their lives and are supposed to pursue their dreams and enjoy themselves. Yet it was reported in the Guardian that suicide is the main cause of death among young adults in China. Why have so many young people ended their lives?
Three factors are thought to account for the high suicide rate: increasing stress, loneliness and a lack of medical support for depression. The most pressing one, I think, is stress. Take my college life for example. From the first day I entered the university, I have been living under pressure. I used to worry that I could not quite fit into the campus life; I also feared that I might not catch up with my classmates in my studies or could not live up to my parents’ expectations. Now I am deeply concerned about whether I can find a desirable job after graduation. Endless pressures give rise to stress. Loneliness is another problem. Many young people find they just feel helpless when they are suffering intolerable sadness or frustration.
Suicide is a great tragedy, especially for the young. If we can find ways to relieve them of their stress and offer timely help, we may save many young lives.